There was recently a post over at marginal revolution asking if the Pinochet years in Chile were “worth it.” Pinochet was a total SOB, having people killed and jailed for political reasons and basically being a first class dictator. Here’s the thing, he laid the groundwork for a successful economic framework that has since propelled Chile into the first world, the only country in South America that is presently there. Argentina may have qualified up until 6 or 7 years ago when their economy collapsed due to mismanagement. Tyler Cowen at MR said that even knowing what he knows now he would have tried to stop the torture and killings if he were in a position to do so. That’s a tough call, the prosperity that Chile has experienced since then has saved countless lives and raised the general well being of everyone in that country. Still, the phrase “The ends do not justify the means,” comes to mind, so I guess Tyler is ultimately right.
I do think that Yemen is a little different than Chile pre Pinochet. This country, along with seemingly all of the other “Arabic” countries is ruled by a combination of political elites in the central government and a bunch of decentralized, local sheiks who do not answer to anyone except themselves and perhaps their neighbor on occasion. In addition, the countries are saddled with an amazing amount of corruption. What if a dictator with an economically sound plan and an iron fist were to come to power in Yemen? What if he were someone that was committed to establishing the “rule of law” for the government (in so far as it didn’t interfere with his ambitions, we’re talking about a dictator here) and making the economy grow. What if he was as ruthless about corruption (as it affects every day people) as he was about his political enemies? Let’s assume that he would be able to assert control even over the Bedouins and all of the other tribal sheiks and thereby take actual control of the country? In a worse case scenario, I’m talking about a Saddam Hussein with a free market approach, more likely a Mubarek (of Egypt) with solid economic reasoning.
Yes, political prisoners, disappearances, and murders are terrible, but that goes on every day in these countries as it is. Would there be a huge difference from the run of the mill middle eastern dictator and one that took things to political extremes? The sad fact is that I am willing to bet that the people here would jump at the chance to have a ruthless, but effective leader because it would be a big step up from what they have now. As a matter of fact, ruthlessness is kind of admired here, they might not like or approve of this fictional leader, but they would respect him.
The real trick would be the transition after that leader left. In order to complete the transition from third world morass into a first world nice place to live, a free press would need to be established as well as an independent judiciary along with rights that we (in the USA) take for granted like the freedom of assembly and speech. I really cannot imagine this culture tolerating those rights and so it would eventually devolve into close to what they have now. In other words, a ruthless but economically competent leader is about as good as these countries can hope for in my opinion. Until the culture changes so that someone can say anything they want without fear of reprisal, respects the property rights of others, does not defer to sheiks and the tribal structures for justice, and can trade with anyone they want to, this place will never go anywhere on its own, it will have to be forced by some powerful leader. The brand of Islam practiced here (heavily influenced by Whabism), the related role of women, and tribalism will prevent this place from ever achieving much economically.
The even sadder thing is that we know that the chances of a dictator being interested in anything but his own status and bank account are pretty slim. There are very few dictators that have a good track record when it comes to lifting a country out of poverty. So how do you change a culture?
Isaac
yemen middle east dictator politics reform economics free market pinochet chile saddam mubarak egypt